The behavioral challenges seen in children with Down syndrome are usually not particularly different from those seen in typically developing children. However, they may occur at a later age and last longer. For example, temper tantrums are typically common at ages two and three, but for a child with Down syndrome, they may begin at three to four years of age.

When evaluating behavior in a child or adult with Down syndrome it is important to know the individual’s receptive and expressive language skill levels, because many behaviors are related to frustration with communication. Many times, behavior issues can be addressed by finding ways to help the person with Down syndrome communicate more effectively.

Behavior changes in adults with Down syndrome have many potential causes. Some individuals have difficulty with the transition into adulthood as they face the loss of social networks, departure of older siblings, death of loved ones, changes in housing, and the challenge of obtaining meaningful work. As individuals age, some experience vision and/or hearing loss. These losses can cause significant behavioral changes if they are not recognized and treated. Hypothyroidism, celiac disease, obstructive sleep apnea, depression, regression, and Alzheimer’s disease are other health concerns that can cause behavior changes. Regular checkups with medical professionals who are familiar with the healthcare needs of adults with Down syndrome are the best way to quickly identify or avoid these conditions.

Regression is a relatively new diagnosis that refers to a loss of previously accomplished skills that usually occurs in late childhood or early adulthood. The loss can occur over weeks or months and might include skills like language, motor abilities, self-care, and social interaction. Regression can have a few different causes and should be thoroughly investigated by a medical doctor. It is recommended you schedule an appointment with your doctor if you notice your loved one has begun withdrawing from friends and family, speaking less, decreasing eye contact, engaging in compulsive behaviors, hallucinating, or acting aggressively. Regression is different from Alzheimer’s disease and can be reversible in some situations with treatment.

While Alzheimer’s disease occurs earlier and more often in adults with Down syndrome than in the general population, not every behavioral or cognitive change in an adult with Down syndrome is due to the onset of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s disease has an average age of onset of 54 years in individuals with Down syndrome. To learn more about Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with Down syndrome, please check out our free guidebook here.